Health officials in the United States have raised concerns over a notable increase in uncommon bacterial infections that can escalate to meningitis, potentially resulting in fatalities.
On Thursday, March 28th, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an advisory to healthcare professionals across the country regarding a surge in cases of a specific type of invasive meningococcal disease, predominantly attributed to a particular strain of bacteria.
Statistics from last year revealed a total of 422 reported cases of this illness in the US – the highest recorded in a single year since 2014. Alarmingly, there have already been 143 reported cases this year, suggesting a trajectory that may surpass the figures from 2023, as indicated by the CDC. While the majority of cases in the previous year did not manifest as meningitis, at least 17 fatalities were reported.
The demographic most affected by these cases last year was adults aged between 30 and 60, with a higher incidence among Black individuals and those living with HIV, according to the CDC.
Health officials disclosed that the reported cases from the previous year were distributed across 20 states. The health departments of Texas and Virginia had previously issued warnings to the public regarding notable increases in meningococcal disease cases.
The bacteria responsible for these infections can induce a severe inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, known as meningitis, characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, the bacteria can trigger a bloodstream infection, presenting symptoms like chills, fatigue, cold extremities, rapid breathing, diarrhea, or in advanced stages, a persistent dark purple rash that does not fade when pressed. This rash may appear anywhere on the body.
While antibiotic treatment can combat the infection, prompt medical intervention is necessary. CDC officials emphasized that symptoms of a bloodstream infection can deteriorate rapidly. Approximately 10% to 15% of those infected succumb to the illness, with survivors potentially experiencing hearing loss or requiring amputations.
Furthermore, vaccines against meningococcal disease are available. The CDC recommends that all children receive a meningococcal conjugate vaccine, offering protection against the prevalent strain, around the time they enter middle school. Since immunity from vaccines wanes over time, the CDC advises a booster dose at age 16. Vaccination is also advised for individuals at heightened risk, such as those in regions experiencing outbreaks or those with HIV infection or specific underlying health conditions.